Add initial backend structure with models, utilities, and settings management

- Introduced .gitignore to exclude common Python artifacts and IDE files.
- Added contour models for contour generation.
- Implemented cryptographic utilities for data encryption and decryption.
- Created CSV metadata model for handling wafer data.
- Developed time-indexed data segment model.
- Established local settings model for application configuration.
- Added Z-wafer data models and parser for CSV file handling.
- Implemented Marching Squares algorithm for contour generation.

backend/data_segment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+
+
+# ===== Time-Indexed Data Segment =====
+class DataSegment:
+    # ===== Lifecycle =====
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        full_data: list[float],
+        start_time: datetime,
+        start_index: int,
+        end_index: int,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(start_index, int):
+            raise TypeError("start_index must be an integer")
+        if not isinstance(end_index, int):
+            raise TypeError("end_index must be an integer")
+        """
+        full_data: The complete list of sensor readings.
+        start_time: The timestamp of the very first reading in full_data.
+        start_index: The offset (in seconds) from start_time to the beginning of this segment.
+        end_index: The offset (in seconds) from start_time to the end of this segment.
+        """
+        self.full_data = full_data
+        self._base_start_time = start_time
+        self._start_index = start_index
+        self._end_index = end_index
+        self.chamber = ""
+        self.notes = ""
+
+    # ===== Index Properties =====
+    @property
+    def start_index(self) -> int:
+        return self._start_index
+
+    @start_index.setter
+    def start_index(self, value: int):
+        self._start_index = value
+
+    @property
+    def end_index(self) -> int:
+        return self._end_index
+
+    @end_index.setter
+    def end_index(self, value: int):
+        self._end_index = value
+
+    # ===== Derived Time Properties =====
+    @property
+    def start_time(self) -> datetime:
+        return self._base_start_time + timedelta(seconds=self.start_index)
+
+    @property
+    def end_time(self) -> datetime:
+        return self._base_start_time + timedelta(seconds=self.end_index)